A Case-control Study of Urinary Tract Infection, 25‑hydroxyvitamin D Status and Associated Inflammatory and Regulatory Responses

Background: Vitamin D plays a key role in the modulation of numerous immune functions against infectious agents. We aimed to explore association between serum 25‑hydroxyvitamin (25[OH] D) levels and cytokine responses, along with hematological changes, patients urinary tract infection (UTI). Materials Methods: level, cytokines (interferon [IFN]−γ, interleukin [IL]−4, IL−6, IL–10, IL−17A, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]−α, transforming growth [TGF]−β), indices (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], monocyte-to-lymphocyte [MLR], neutrophil-to-monocyte [NMR], platelet-to-lymphocyte [PLR], mean platelet volume [MPV]), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were evaluated case-control human study included 65 45 controls. Results: Among enhanced patients, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-10 had significant 25(OH)D, but not IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β. The IL-4 remained unchanged. By comparing indices, we found increased NLR MLR 25(OH)D IFN-γ decrease PLR without showing such an association. NMR did show any difference. count showed TGF-β, MPV was significant. ESR results exhibited statistically non-significant differences. CRP elevation directly associated IL-6 25(OH)D. Conclusion: 25(OH)D-mediated inflammatory milieu might alter proportion function peripheral blood cells regulated manner support bacterial clearance which needs further studies be validated.